Cobra
The
Indian Cobra is known around the world as highly venomous snake that feeds on
rodents, lizards, and frogs. As well as biting, the Indian cobra can attack
or defend itself from a distance by "spitting" venom, which, if it
enters the opponent's eyes, causes severe pain and damage. The snake actually
forces the venom through its fangs, by exerting muscular pressure on the venom
glands, so that it sprays out in twin jets for 2 m (6 1/2 ft) or more.
When threatened, the Indian Cobra will assume its characteristic posture. It
will raise the front one-third of its body and elongate its long, flexible neck
ribs and loose skin to form its distinctive hood, on which are resembled eyes.
Although the Indian Cobra is not an endangered species, it has recently been
hunted for its distinctive hood markings in the production of handbags. It
is listed under the treaty because it closely resembles other species that
are threatened and in need of protection.
The Indian Cobra's most known characteristic features are the wide black band
on the underside of the neck, and the hood marking design which shows half-rings
on either side of the hood. It is a smooth-scaled snake with black eyes, a
wide neck and head, and a medium-sized body. Its colouring varies from black,
to dark brown, to a creamy white. The body is usually covered with a spectacled
white or yellow pattern, which sometimes forms ragged bands. The Indian cobra
may grow from 1.8m to 2.2m.
Those Cobras which have the single ring on the hood are found in Assam and
Eastern India and spit venom like the Ringhals Cobra of South Africa which
can eject a spray for a distance of more than two meters and cause severe
eye pain, sometimes blindness. Keepers who attend this particular variety
of Cobra sensibly wear goggles.
The
King Cobra or Hamadryad, is the largest of all poisonous snakes. This sometimes
5 meter long, lethal creature is entirely a snake eater. It enjoys Pythons,
other Cobras, and even its own species. The King is aggressive, unpredictable,
and can strike without provocation. It is most intelligent. When erect it can
stand up to 2 meters in height. In certain fertility rites in Burma, a woman
desirous of offspring is required not only to approach the King Cobra but to
plant a kiss on its mouth. If she is successful in doing so she will bear many
children; if she fails, obviously none.
The Indian cobra feeds on rodents, lizards and frogs. It bites quickly, and
then waits while its venom damages the nervous system of the prey, paralyzing
and often killing it. Like all snakes, N. naja swallows its prey whole. This
species sometimes enters buildings in search of rodent prey. In its characteristic
threat posture, the Indian cobra raises the front one-third of its body and
spreads out its long, flexible neck ribs and loose skin to form a disklike
hood, on the back of which there are markings resembling eyes.
Indian cobras pay more attention to their eggs than is usual in snakes. The
8 to 45 eggs (usually 12 to 20) are laid in a hollow tree, a termite mound
or earth into which the snakes tunnel. The female guards the clutch throughout
the incubation period, leaving them only for a short time each day to feed.
Wildlife
Species in India
